Ho, Sin Yu Bonnie: The phonetics and phonology of Hong Kong English: a study of fricatives. 2021
Inhalt
- Acknowledgement
- List of tables
- List of figures
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Hong Kong English phonology
- 2.1 Sociolinguistic background of Hong Kong
- 2.2 Conceptualisation of Hong Kong English
- 2.3 Towards variation and Hong Kong English phonology
- 2.4 Previous studies on Hong Kong English fricatives
- 3 Acoustics of English fricatives
- 3.1 The production of fricatives
- 3.2 The acoustic properties of fricatives
- 3.2.1 Spectral properties
- 3.2.2 Amplitudinal properties
- 3.2.3 Temporal properties
- 3.2.4 DCT coefficients
- 3.3 Classification of fricatives
- 4 Automatic speech recognition (ASR) and the Munich AUtomatic Segmentation (MAUS) system
- 4.1 General review of feature-based ASR systems
- 4.2 Forced alignment and MAUS
- 4.3 The MAUS pronunciation rule set
- 5 Research questions
- 6 Method
- 6.1 Participants
- 6.2 Procedures and materials
- 6.3 Data processing pipeline for acoustic analysis
- 6.3.1 BPF file generation
- 6.3.2 Semi-automatic segmentation
- 6.3.3 Acoustic feature extraction
- 6.3.4 Phonetic transcription
- 6.3.5 Data annotation
- 6.4 Auditory analysis
- 6.5 Statistical analysis
- 6.5.1 Data description
- 6.5.2 Linear mixed effects model
- 6.5.3 Mixed binomial and multinomial logistic regression
- 6.6 Classification of fricatives
- 6.7 Weighted MAUS rule set
- 6.8 Summary
- 7 Acoustic analysis of Hong Kong English fricatives and their variants
- 7.1 Results of the acoustic analysis of Hong Kong English fricatives
- 7.1.1 Visualisation of fricative spectra
- 7.1.2 Spectral characteristics of fricatives
- 7.1.3 Amplitudinal characteristics of fricatives
- 7.1.4 Temporal characteristics of fricatives
- 7.1.5 DCT coefficients
- 7.2 Comparison of Hong Kong English fricatives and their variants
- 7.3 Discussion on the acoustic characteristics of Hong Kong English fricatives
- 8 Classification of Hong Kong English fricatives and their variants
- 8.1 Results of classification of Hong Kong English fricatives and their variants
- 8.1.1 Classification of place of articulation
- 8.1.2 Classification of voicing
- 8.1.3 Classification of allophones
- 8.2 Discussion on the classification of Hong Kong English fricatives and their variants
- 9 Auditory analysis of Hong Kong English fricatives and their variants
- 9.1 Results of the auditory analysis
- 9.1.1 Overall distribution of fricatives and variants
- 9.1.2 Labiodental fricatives /f, v/
- 9.1.3 Dental fricatives /, ð/
- 9.1.4 Alveolar fricatives /s, z/
- 9.1.5 Postalveolar fricatives /ʃ, ʒ/
- 9.2 Discussion
- 9.2.1 Inventory of Hong Kong English fricatives
- 9.2.2 Prevalence of variation of Hong Kong English fricatives
- 9.2.3 Variation and linguistic factors
- 9.3 Phonological rules of Hong Kong English fricatives
- 10 Application in automated speech recognition (ASR) system
- 11 Conclusion
- References
- Appendix