Inhalt

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   1 Introduction
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   2 The Quark-Gluon Plasma and its Signatures
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   2.1 The Phase Diagram of Strongly Interacting Matter
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   2.2 Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
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   2.3 Signatures of the QGP
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   2.3.1 Dileptons
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   2.3.2 Quarkonium Production
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   2.3.3 Direct Photons
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   2.3.4 Jet Physics in Heavy-Ion Collisions
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  3 ALICE and the LHC
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   3.1 The Large Hadron Collider
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  3.2 The ALICE Experiment
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   3.2.1 The Central Barrel
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   3.2.2 The Other Detectors
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   3.3 The AliRoot Framework
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   3.3.1 Overview of AliRoot
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   3.3.2 Simulations with AliRoot
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   3.3.3 Reconstruction and Particle Identification
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   3.3.4 Analysis
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  4 The Transition Radiation Detector
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  4.1 The TRD within ALICE
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   4.1.1 TRD Design Requirements
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   4.1.2 Physics Performance of ALICE with the TRD
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   4.2 Interactions of Charged Particles with Matter
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   4.2.1 Energy Loss of Charged Particles
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   4.2.2 Transition Radiation
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   4.3 The ALICE TRD Layout
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   4.3.1 The Radiator
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   4.3.2 The Readout Chambers
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   4.3.3 Readout Electronics
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  4.4 The TRD Reconstruction Code
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   4.4.1 Pad Response and Position Reconstruction
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   4.4.2 Time Response and Tail Cancellation
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   4.4.3 Track Finding in the Transition Radiation Detector
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  5 Artificial Neural Networks
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   5.1 Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks
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   5.2 Biological and Artificial Neurons
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   5.3 The Perceptron
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  5.4 Backpropagation
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   5.4.1 Derivation
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   5.4.2 Principle of Operation
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   5.4.3 Problematic Aspects of Backpropagation
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   5.5 Training and Validation
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  5.6 Artificial Neural Networks in High Energy Physics
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   5.6.1 Neural Networks for Reconstruction Tasks
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   5.6.2 Applications in Analyses
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   5.7 Neural Networks in Root
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  6 Particle Identification with the Transition Radiation Detector
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   6.1 Principles of PID using the TRD
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  6.2 Classical Methods of Particle Identification
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   6.2.1 Truncated Mean
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   6.2.2 Cluster Counting
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   6.2.3 Likelihood on Total Deposited Charge (LQ)
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   6.2.4 Likelihood on Total Deposited Charge and Time Bin with Maximum Charge Deposition (LQX)
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   6.2.5 Two-Dimensional Likelihood on Deposited Charge (2-dim LQ)
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   6.3 Particle Identification with Artificial Neural Networks
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   6.3.1 Particle Identification Using Artificial Neural Networks with other Transition Radiation Detectors
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   6.3.2 Working Principles of Artificial Neural Networks with the ALICE Transition Radiation Detector
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  6.4 Pion Efficiency
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   6.4.1 Determination of the Pion Efficiency
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   6.4.2 Error Calculation
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   6.5 AliRoot Implementation of Particle Identification with the TRD
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  7 Particle Identification Performance in Test Beams
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  7.1 Test Beams for the ALICE TRD at CERN PS
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   7.1.1 Experimental Setup
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   7.1.2 The Extrapolation Method
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  7.2 Test Beam 2002 - Prototype Testing
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   7.2.1 Setup 2002
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   7.2.2 Quality Cuts
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   7.2.3 Pion Efficiency
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   7.2.4 Comparison to Previous Analyses
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  7.3 Test Beam 2004 - Prototype Testing
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   7.3.1 Setup 2004 - Measurements with Prototypes
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   7.3.2 Quality Cuts
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   7.3.3 Pion Efficiency
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   7.4 Test Beam 2004 - Test of a TRD Stack
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   7.4.1 Setup 2004 - Measurements with the Stack
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   7.4.2 Pion Efficiency
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   7.4.3 Comparison with Small Prototype Chambers
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  7.5 Test Beam 2007 - Test of Super Module III
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   7.5.1 Setup 2007
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   7.5.2 Analysis Procedure and Quality Cuts
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   7.5.3 Contamination Studies
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   7.6 Comparison and Discussion of the Different Test Beam Times
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  8 Particle Identification in AliRoot Simulations
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  8.1 Analysis Tools for AliRoot
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   8.1.1 The AliTRDpidUtil Class
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   8.1.2 The AliTRDpidRefMaker Task
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   8.1.3 The AliTRDcheckPID Task
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  8.2 PID Performance in Simulations with Flat Transverse Momentum Distribution
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   8.2.1 Data Production
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   8.2.2 Pion Efficiency
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   8.2.3 Hadron and Muon Efficiencies
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   8.3 Particle Identification in Proton-Proton Collisions
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   8.3.1 Simulated Proton-Proton Collisions
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   8.3.2 Electron Identification in Proton-Proton Collisions
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   8.3.3 Hadron Identification
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  8.4 Contamination Studies
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   8.4.1 Simulated Contamination in Proton-Proton Collisions
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   8.4.2 Performance of Beam Time 2007 Networks on Simulated Data
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   8.5 Comparison to Test Beam Results
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  9 Applications of the TRD Particle Identification in ALICE
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  9.1 Reference Data for Particle Identification
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   9.1.1 Sources of Reference Data
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   9.1.2 Reference Data from Displaced Vertices in Proton-Proton Collisions
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  9.2 Feasibility Study for Particle Identification with the TRD Electron Trigger
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   9.2.1 The TRD Trigger Concept
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   9.2.2 Generation of PID Look-Up Tables
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   9.2.3 Performance, Summary, and Outlook for Online Particle Identification
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   9.3 Dilepton Measurements at the LHC
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   9.3.1 Quarkonia Measurement in CMS
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   9.3.2 Dielectron Measurements with the ALICE Central Barrel in PbPb Collisions
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   Summary
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   Zusammenfassung
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   A Kinematic Variables in High Energy Physics
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   B The ALICE Coordinate System
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  C Data Tables Test Beam
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  C.1 Test Beam 2002
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   C.1.1 PID Cuts 2002
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   C.1.2 Used Runs 2002
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  C.2 Test Beam 2004
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   C.2.1 PID Cuts 2004
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   C.2.2 Used Runs for Small Prototypes Analysis 2004
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   C.2.3 Used Runs for the Stack Analysis 2004
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  C.3 Test Beam 2007
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   C.3.1 PID Cuts 2007
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   C.3.2 Used Runs 2007
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   Danksagung