Rühl, Philip: Probing the sources of gravitational waves : a search for UHE photons induced by compact binary mergers at the Pierre Auger Observatory. 2020
Inhalt
- 1 The cosmos and humanity
- 2 Astroparticle physics
- 2.1 Early discoveries of the 20th century
- 2.2 Progenitors of particle physics
- 2.3 The beginning of astroparticle physics
- 3 Cosmic rays and extensive air showers
- 3.1 The cosmic ray energy spectrum
- 3.2 Sources and acceleration mechanisms
- 3.3 Composition
- 3.4 Extensive air showers
- 3.5 Photons as primary particles
- 3.6 Multimessenger astronomy
- 4 General relativity and gravitational waves
- 4.1 GWs as solutions of Einstein's field equations
- 4.2 Basic properties of GWs
- 4.3 Compact binary mergers
- 4.4 Detection of GWs
- 5 The Pierre Auger Observatory
- 5.1 Hybrid design
- 5.2 The fluorescence detector (FD)
- 5.3 The surface detector (SD)
- 5.3.1 The water Cherenkov detector
- 5.3.2 Calibration
- 5.3.3 The SD trigger hierarchy
- 5.3.4 Geometry reconstruction
- 5.3.5 Energy reconstruction
- 5.4 Other facilities of Auger
- 6 Data, simulations and software
- 6.1 Air shower simulations
- 6.1.1 Simulation set A: photon spectrum
- 6.1.2 Simulation set B: photons and protons at fixed energies
- 6.2 Detector simulation and reconstruction
- 6.3 Public gravitational wave data
- 6.4 Further software
- 7 Separation between primary photons and hadronic background
- 7.1 Photon energy
- 7.2 Event selection
- 7.3 Observables
- 7.4 Principal component analysis
- 7.5 Angular resolution
- 7.6 Background estimation and photon detection efficiency
- 8 A search for photons above 10 EeV induced by GW events
- 8.1 Definition of quantities
- 8.2 Follow-up analysis of GW150914
- 8.2.1 Localization
- 8.2.2 Observation time windows
- 8.2.3 Exposure
- 8.2.4 Data unblinding and estimation of background
- 8.2.5 Upper limits on kγ
- 8.2.6 Upper limits on F and F
- 8.2.7 Upper limits on Etot
- 8.2.8 Expected number of photons
- 8.3 Results for all GW events from LIGO/Virgo runs O1 and O2
- 8.3.1 Exposure
- 8.3.2 Upper limits
- 8.3.3 Constraints on the BNS merger GW170817
- 8.3.4 Coincident air shower events
- 8.4 Significance in case of a photon candidate detection
- 8.5 Discussion of systematical uncertainties
- 9 Improving the GW event selection for future follow-up searches
- 9.1 The problem of time dependent penalization
- 9.2 Reevaluation of the photon significance
- 9.3 Options for a GW event selection
- 9.4 Tuning of the analysis parameters
- 9.4.1 Choice of directional search area ΩCL
- 9.4.2 Cut on source localization Ω50%
- 9.4.3 Cut on source distance DL
- 9.4.4 Cross-dependent event selection based on source distance and localization
- 9.4.5 Summary of proposed selection criteria
- 9.5 Constraining GW sources with the stacking method
- 10 A search for UHE photons from the blazar TXS 0506+056
- 11 Lowering the energy threshold of the SD photon search
- 11.1 Definition of RMoPS
- 11.2 RMoPS event selection
- 11.3 Performance of RMoPS
- 11.4 Conclusion and further steps
- 12 Summary and outlook
- Appendix
- 13.1 Appendix of Chapter 6
- 13.2 Appendix of Chapter 7
- 13.3 Appendix of Chapter 8
- 13.4 Appendix of Chapter 9
- 13.5 Appendix of Chapter 11
- Bibliography
- List of abbreviations and acronyms