Brüggemann, Marc: Determination of an arrival time cut for the separation of electrons and muons in extensive air showersBestimmung eines Ankunftszeitschnitts zur Trennung von Elektronen und Myonen in ausgedehnten Luftschauern. 2006
Inhalt
- Abstract
- Contents
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Cosmic rays and extensive air showers
- 2.1 Energy spectrum
- 2.2 Composition of cosmic rays
- 2.3 Acceleration and propagation
- 2.4 Origin of the knee
- 2.5 Extensive air showers
- 3 The KASCADE-Grande experiment
- 4 The KASCADE Flash-ADC system
- 4.1 The electronics of the KASCADE FADC system
- 4.2 The KASCADE FADC data acquisition
- 4.3 Offline signal processing
- 5 Reconstruction and simulation of extensive air showers
- 6 Synchronization of the KASCADE and the Grande array
- 6.1 Origin of the time mismatch
- 6.2 Determination of the time offset
- 6.3 Measurement of the Grande Time Label
- 6.4 Assignment of the correct offset
- 6.5 Summary
- 7 Unfolding particle arrival times from FADC signals
- 7.1 The unfolding algorithm
- 7.2 Determination of the average minimum ionizing particle detector response
- 7.2.1 Selection of the FADC signal pulses used for the determination of the average MIP detector response
- 7.2.2 Calibration with the mean most probable energy deposit
- 7.3 Generation of the response matrix
- 7.4 Determination of the number of iterations for the unfolding algorithm
- 7.5 Performance of the unfolding algorithm
- 7.6 Summary
- 8 Extraction of particle arrival time distributions
- 8.1 Alignment of unfolded particle arrival times relative to the shower plane
- 8.1.1 Determination of the discriminator threshold transition within the FADC signal pulses
- 8.1.2 Accuracy of the reconstructed shower core arrival time
- 8.1.3 Application of corrections
- 8.2 Data selection
- 8.3 Subtraction of the muon content in the electron arrival time distributions
- 8.4 Summary
- 9 Analysis of the particle arrival time distributions
- 9.1 Determination of the particle arrival time cut
- 9.1.1 Separation cut values determined from the mean values of the distributions
- 9.1.2 Separation cut values determined from various quantiles of the distributions
- 9.1.3 Separation cut values determined from results of a -function fit to the distributions
- 9.1.4 Separation cut values determined from results of a Log-normal-function fit to the distributions
- 9.1.5 Dependence on the zenith angle
- 9.1.6 Dependence on the primary energy
- 9.2 Study of systematic uncertainties
- 9.2.1 Influence of the precision of the reconstructed core position
- 9.2.2 Influence of a variation of the average MIP detector response
- 9.2.3 Influence of the correction to the shower core arrival time
- 9.2.4 Influence of the correction to the reconstructed position of the discriminator threshold transition
- 9.2.5 Overall systematic error
- 9.3 Summary
- 10 Summary
- A Extraction of the offset values from the offset distributions
- B Determination of the number of iterations for the unfolding algorithm
- C Arrival time distributions of the electromagnetic and muonic shower components
- D Results for the separation cut values, muon purities and systematic studies
- D.1 Separation cut values determined with the mean values
- D.2 Separation cut values determined with the quantiles
- D.3 Separation cut values determined with results from the -function fit
- D.4 Separation cut values determined with results from the Log-normal-fit
- D.5 Influence of the precision of the shower core position
- D.6 Influence of the size of the average MIP detector response
- D.7 Separation cut values and muon purities with systematics
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Bibliography
- Danksagung